Metodologi Etnografi dalam Penelitian Pendidikan Agama Islam: Studi Transformasi Nilai di Lingkungan Pesantren Modern Pondok Pesantren Rahmatul Asri Kabupaten Enrekang
Keywords:
Etnografi, Pendidikan Agama IslamAbstract
Artikel ini menganalisis relevansi metodologi etnografi dalam penelitian Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan menempatkan transformasi nilai di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Modern Rahmatul Asri Kabupaten Enrekang sebagai fokus kajian. Kajian ini berangkat dari kenyataan bahwa pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di pesantren modern tidak berlangsung semata sebagai transmisi materi di ruang kelas, melainkan sebagai proses penghayatan nilai yang terjadi melalui disiplin keseharian, relasi guru-santri, budaya bahasa, tata kelola asrama, praktik ibadah kolektif, dan negosiasi antara tradisi keislaman dengan tuntutan modernitas. Pada saat yang sama, sebagian besar penelitian Pendidikan Agama Islam masih cenderung menonjolkan pendekatan survei, studi kasus deskriptif, atau evaluasi program, sehingga belum memadai untuk menangkap proses kultural yang hidup, tersirat, dan berlapis di dalam ekosistem pesantren. Metode penelitian dalam artikel ini ialah pendekatan kualitatif berbasis analisis dokumen dan sintesis literatur mutakhir tahun 2020 ke atas, yang dipadukan dengan pembacaan metodologis atas prinsip-prinsip etnografi, wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan, analisis dokumen, serta refleksivitas peneliti. Sumber data meliputi artikel jurnal bereputasi, buku metodologi, data resmi satuan pendidikan, dan studi-studi empiris tentang Rahmatul Asri serta pesantren modern di Indonesia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa etnografi merupakan pendekatan yang paling memadai untuk meneliti transformasi nilai dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam karena etnografi mampu membaca hubungan antara kurikulum formal, kurikulum tersembunyi, praktik habituasi, kepemimpinan keagamaan, dan pembentukan identitas santri secara serempak. Pada kasus Rahmatul Asri, transformasi nilai tampak pada integrasi disiplin, pembinaan akhlak, penguatan kepercayaan terhadap guru, orientasi pembelajaran bahasa sebagai medium mobilitas intelektual, serta adaptasi terhadap perubahan sosial tanpa melepaskan basis normatif Islam. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa penelitian Pendidikan Agama Islam di pesantren modern akan lebih tajam secara analitis apabila etnografi diposisikan bukan sekadar teknik pengumpulan data, melainkan sebagai cara memahami makna, praktik, dan struktur nilai yang membentuk kehidupan santri sehari-hari.
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